Critically evaluate McGregor’s Theroy X and Theory Y Essay

Fundamentally assess McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. How far is it relevant to the board and worker inspiration in contemporary Chinese associations? In the cutting edge partnership condition, employees’ inspiration assumes a vital job, along these lines they ought to be perceived as a noteworthy piece of corporations’ budgetary resources. There are a few unmistakable perspectives of ways to deal with administrative systems about inspiring representatives, one of which is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. It recommends that giving a self-sufficient condition fulfilling employees’ higher requirements is more ideal than essentially controlling them by remunerations and discipline. This paper will right off the bat assess McGregor’s hypothesis. Albeit persuasive estimation of this hypothesis in association history may be affirmed, there are two essential issues, weakness and shallow acknowledgment, which reactions rotate around. In this way, this paper will talk about the degree of this theory’s application in Chinese associations. Despite the fact that McGregor’s hypothesis might be utilized in hardly any companies, this hypothesis is commonly not material in most contemporary Chinese associations. Numerous scholars bolster that McGregor’s hypothesis thinks about the field of the board from another edge, showing a solid powerful worth. As opposed to the standards of traditional administration referenced as Theory X, the upheld Theory Y lit up a group of new or re-imagined ideas, for example, unavoidable outcome and obligation. As per Carson (2005), a portion of those ideas had been deciphered previously; be that as it may, McGregor’s hypothesis joined those ideas rising up out of independent speculations. In light of these arranged originations, this hypothesis mulls over higher-request needs, which creatively presents a significant work esteem that administration ought not just include controlling and checking. In addition, the tendency to obligation of representatives adds to participative climates in workplace. Lerner (2011) claims that McGregor’s hypothesis can plan employees’ aptitudes to handle muddled assignments because of their awareness of other's expectations, in corresponding with improving the capability of a person. Along these lines, this hypothesis, uncovering an underlying example of the board procedure, drastically impacts the applied field of association advancement. Disregarding the impact and creativity of McGregor’s hypothesis, there is an essential disadvantage of the legitimacy, which is in regards to the supposition of human instinct in this hypothesis. This hypothesis is principally founded on an investigation ofâ human nature. McGregor (2000) has called attention to that hypothesis X the board expect that individuals for the most part are not liable for work as opposed to hypothesis Y accepting that individuals are perpetually self-controlled. Notwithstanding, the hypothesis X supposition that is exaggeratedly negative while the hypothesis Y supposition that is excessively idealistic. As per Bobic and Davis (2003), there is no proof that deliberately guarantees the presence of individuals’ outrageous perspectives towards work. Also, Francesco and Gold (2005) contended that human instinct isn't seen simply positive or negative in all the way of life, drawing on Hofstede’s hypothesis. Moreover, various workers may have to some degree various qualities; in any case, McGregor mixed those complex human instincts into two oversimplified models to present a very inadequate hypothesis. Accordingly, the hypothesis is by all accounts invalid because of this moderately unreasonable and deficient investigation. Notwithstanding the invalid presumption of McGregor’s hypothesis, there is another downside concerning shallow acknowledgment of self-ruling condition and authority which are essential standards of Theory Y and Theory X individually. McGregor (2000) express that self-sufficient condition can be procured by open doors for self-realization. Regardless, Head (2011) has contended that motivating forces including self-completion are scarcely powerful. Moreover, Bobic and Davis (2003) express that self-completion is certifiably not a sober minded persuasive factor because of the uncommon open door gave by partnerships as a general rule. Albeit a few methodologies, for example, work advancement can be actualized, administrators may not be absolutely capable to coordinate this administration, which uncovers that McGregor’s hypothesis may overestimate the adequacy of self-ruling condition. Alternately, the model of power speaking to Theory X might be an all the more oftentimes embraced administration apparatus, which is the in opposition to what is depicted in the hypothesis. Head (2011) called attention to power as opposed to administration may offer real power and assurance advancement of companies towards certain course. Truth be told, offering proper direction to subordinates and basically maintaining a strategic distance from excessively fiery control stand a critical situation in many organizations. Subsequently, McGregor’s suggestion that self-governing condition ought to be focused on while authority is out of date may require reevaluation as a result of the shallow acknowledgment. Persuasive techniques have been considered as a fundamental focus for organizations. Regarding the application of McGregor’s hypothesis in China, insignificant effective occurrences might be found in some very huge aggregates. Those aggregates, for example, Shanghai’s partnerships enlist various laborers, adding to rivalry and weight; in this way, representatives in these associations may underscore higher-request needs due to this specific work condition, as per the supposition of McGregor’s hypothesis. Chan and Wyatt (2007) show that workers in Shanghai’s enterprises can be essentially persuaded by the fulfillment of confidence that is additionally stressed in McGregor’s hypothesis. Henceforth, it appears that this hypothesis can mirror its possibility in barely any huge Chinese associations. Nonetheless, by and large, McGregor’s hypothesis reflects low practicability in most contemporary Chinese companies. As per Alas (2005), most Chinese respondents are bound to be supported by lower needs fulfillment, for example, earnings, while the predominant rule of McGregor’s hypothesis is methodologies fulfilling higher requirements. Subsequently, Chinese employees’ fixation on lower needs makes it hard for them to be propelled by McGregor’s hypothesis. In addition, Dessler (2006) contended that representative strengthening, one of the standards of McGregor’s hypothesis, is rejected from Chinese organizations. Moreover, McGregor’s hypothesis is contradictory with the relatively instilled Confucian worth framework in Chinese culture. As indicated by Geren (2011), a deserted rule in the hypothesis is submission for power which is the quintessence of Confucian worth framework. Chinese representatives to a great extent developed in the environment of Confucian worth might be awkward with the administration of McGregor’s hypothesis. Accentuation on lower needs and the social of Confucian worth framework are both inverse to McGregor’s hypothesis. Accordingly, this hypothesis isn't pertinent in most contemporary Chinese associations. All in all, McGregor’s hypothesis may vivify unique soul of inspiration the executives; by the by, its weakness is straightforwardly come about because of deficient and ridiculous suspicion of human instinct. Also, unreasonably concentrating on independent condition and overlooking proficiency of power may demonstrate the shallow acknowledgment in this hypothesis. These two downsides can represent insufficient course of action. As inspiration the executives grows all inclusive, in China, disregarding productive application in barely any aggregates, McGregor’s hypothesis isn't perfect with most Chinese associations since general Chinese condition is the deterrent to effectively embracing this hypothesis. There is no all inclusive hypothesis; subsequently, so as to improve the viability of the executives, associations ought to use particular administration standards deftly in explicit working situation. Word account: 1079 Reference List Too bad, R. (2008) Attitudes and qualities in Chinese assembling organizations: an examination with Japanese, South Korean and Hong Kong organizations. Chinese Management Studies. Vol. 2(1), pp.32-51 (PDF accessible) Bobic, M.P. and Davis, W.E. (2003) A Kind Word for Theory X: Or Why So Many Newfangled Management Techniques Quickly Fail. Diary of Public Administration Research and Theory. Vol. 13(3), pp.239-264 (PDF accessible) Carson, C.M. (2005) A recorded perspective on Douglas McGregor’s Theory Y. The board Decision. Vol. 43(3), pp.450-460 (PDF accessible) Chan, K.W. and Wyatt, T.A. (2007) Quality of Work Life: A Study of Employees in Shanghai, China. Asia Pacific Business Review. Vol. 13(4), pp.501-517 (PDF accessible) Dessler, G. (2006) Expanding into China? What remote businesses should think about human asset the executives in China today. SAM Advanced Management Journal. Vol.71(4), pp.11-24 (PDF accessible) Francesco, A.M. and Gold, B.A. (2005) International Organizational Behavior. second ed. NJ, USA: Pearson Education (PDF accessible of important section) Geren, B. (2011) Motivation: Chinese hypothetical Perspectives. Diary of Behavioral Studies in Business. Vol.3, pp.1-10 (PDF accessible) Head, T.C. (2011) Douglas McGregor’s inheritance: exercises learned, exercises lost. Diary of Management History. Vol. 17(2), pp.202-216 (PDF accessible) Lerner, A. (2011) McGregor’s inheritance: musings on what he left, what happened, and what stays to seek after. Diary of Management History. Vol. 17(2), pp.217 †237 (PDF accessible) McGregor, D. (2000) The Human Side of Enterprise. Reflections: The Society for Organizational Learning Journal. Vol. 2(1), pp.6-15. (PDF accessible)

Structural theory and family development applied to a hypothetical Assignment

Auxiliary hypothesis and family advancement applied to a speculative case - Assignment Example The medical attendant will likewise work as a team with the otherworldly pioneers to elevate trust in life Ungar (2010). Also, the medical attendant will be instrumental in looking for the help of nearby or government authority that would offer them help, for this situation Mrs. Jones. In this specific situation, family auxiliary and improvement hypothesis can be of extraordinary assistance. On account of family unit improvement hypothesis, the family as a unit is seen in natural, social and mental viewpoint and advancement. For the occasion of the natural needs, the individual from the family in needs, will be dealt with additional. For the children in the family, will require a greater amount of the consideration than the young. The natural requirement for the constantly sick patient should be more than the solid one. Concurring Ungar (2010) the social improvement of the family can be influenced by the way of life and the general public and advancement. For the medical caretaker dealing with the family need to place the way of life and the general public in thought. The mental improvement of the family can be contrasted and singular phase of development. Since in this situation the family is adult, and the mother has grandkids, so the methodology should be full g rown. The family basic hypothesis, then again, the people character is an element of our relations with others. This family conduct will be created as per connection with others. This family has numerous relations where the widow is a mother with the interminable disease, the little girl who is the provider and the grandkids. The interrelation of the family should be strong to have great conduct in the family. Family training in this situation is indispensable. The data is given on the best way to live decidedly and strengthened with information to assist this family with having authority over and permit them have improved wellbeing. This will empower the family to move the concentration from simply the conduct

A Survey of Information Technologies in Logistics Management Essays

A Survey of Information Technologies in Logistics Management Essays A Survey of Information Technologies in Logistics Management Essay A Survey of Information Technologies in Logistics Management Essay A Survey of Information Technologies in Logistics Management Anil Gurung University of Texas at Arlington Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, College of Business Administration Office: Room 630 Business Building Box 19437 701 S West St. Arlington, Texas 76019-0437 Voice: 817. 272. 3528 Email: [emailprotected] edu ABSTRACT This paper breaks down the effect of data advances (IT) on coordinations by directing a study of written works on scholarly coordinations diaries and specialist diaries. The writing overview and practice locate that outsider strategic suppliers have better chance to use IT since they have to have interoperable IT frameworks with their clients. The business reasoning of Just-In-Time (JIT) has additionally added to the effect of IT in coordinations. Further, data advancements are recognized that has profited the coordinations. Future headings of coordinations are talked about. Presentation The expansion of data advances (IT) and the web advances have given impulse and difficulties to the coordinations. New advancements present new intends to deal with the progression of data. IT as an efficiency instrument can be used to both increment the capacity and decline the expense simultaneously (Closs et al. , 1997). It has been broadly acknowledged that organizations can accomplish upper hand by cost decrease or separation with its correct execution (Porter Millar, 1985). Empowered by IT the coordinations has gotten a wellspring of upper hand for some organizations. Two surges of research are distinguished that features the job of IT in coordinations. First stream identifies with in the nick of time coordinations data framework (Anderson Quinn, 1986; Bookbinder Dilts, 1989; Das Handfield, 1997; Gomes Mentzer, 1988; Perry, 1988; Schwarz Weng, 2000; Spencer, M. S. et al. , 1994; Spencer, M. S. et al. , 1996; Takahashi Nakamura, 2000; Titone, 1996; Wafa Yasin, 1996). The other stream is the outsider coordinations (Lewis Talalayevsky, 2000; Peters et al. , 1998; Sauvage, 2003; Sink Langley, 1997; Vaidyanathan, 2005). Significance of IT in coordinations has developed somewhat by business theory of Just-InTime (JIT) by firms. With the accentuation of firms on JIT, the effect of coordinations has developed as it is progressively perceived as a wellspring of predictable, low lead time, harm free conveyances (Bardi et al. , 1994). In quest for upper hands, firms redistribute their capacities which are noncore skills with the goal that they can concentrate on their center capabilities. An ongoing overview found that 83 percent of the studied Fortune 500 organizations detailed having in any event one agreement with an outsider coordinations supplier (Lieb Bentz, 2004). Throughout the years, the utilization of outsider coordinations has been expanding. Comparable review of Fortune 500 organizations taken in 1991 had just 38 percent of the respondents detailing the utilization of outsider coordinations supplier (Lieb, 1992). The 618 outsider strategic administrators endeavor to saddle the capacity of data innovation to offer better types of assistance than their clients. The goal of this paper is to concentrate how IT has affected coordinations. To this end, writing audit of both driving scholarly and expert calculated diaries is led. The following area will report the structure of coordinations. The accompanying area will dissect the IT empowering influences in coordinations. At that point, the ramifications of internet business are talked about followed by a segment on future bearings for coordinations. Audit OF THE LITERATURE A grouping plan coordinations capacities gives an important method to concentrate how IT has affected the different elements of coordinations. Past research in coordinations have sorted the utilization of data frameworks in coordinations in various ways. An arrangement of coordinations capacities can be separated into following five expansive zones (Bowersox, 1974): office area, transportation, stock, correspondence and material development. In light of the issue regions that application addresses, seven territories of coordinations has been recognized as office area, stock control, request passage, vehicle booking, distribution center format arranging, cargo rate recovery, and item and shipment following (Ballou, 1976). Another overview distinguished five classifications as office area, stock control, transportation, creation booking, and all out physical appropriation (House, 1978). These classifications regarded every class as individual substances as opposed to an entire framework. Taking note of this weakness, Stenger (1986) proposed another characterization comprising of exchange frameworks, transient booking and stock renewal frameworks, stream arranging frameworks, and system arranging and plan frameworks. Developing the structure created by Bowersox, Novack et al (1992) isolated coordinations work into two classes. The main class alludes to physical exercises that are required different utilities of client need. These will incorporate stock, transportation and client care activities. The subsequent class alludes to stream of data or exchange exercises that follow or start the physical exercises. The physical and data streams in coordinations work is all around delineated in Figure 1 that shows the order of coordinations works as portrayed by Vaidyanathan (2005). As appeared in the figure, data streams between coordinations work are overseen, composed and bolstered by different coordinations innovations. 619 Stock and Logistics Management: Freight Consolidation Freight Distribution Shipment Planning Traffic Management Inventory Management Carrier Selection Order Entry/Management Information Flow Customer Service: Freight Payments Auditing Order Management Fulfillment Help Desk Carrier Selection Rate Negotiation Information Flow Warehousing: Packaging Product Making Labeling Warehousing Material Flow Transportation: Fleet Management Cross Docking Product Return Figure 1: Categorization of Logistics Functions (adjusted from Vaidyanathan 2005) IT empowering agents in Logistics The writing in coordinations is loaded with cases where data innovation has been touted as a way to improve coordinations intensity (Bowersox, 1974; Closs et al. , 1997; Rabinovich et al. , 1999; Stenger, 1986). However there has been hardly any observational investigations that relates coordinations data capacities to coordinations ability (Closs et al. , 1997). A well known system in data frameworks discipline set forward by Gorry Morton (1989) place coordinations choices as organized and changing from operational to key. The job of coordinations data frameworks as operational and vital empowering influences in various regions of the firm’s flexibly chain has been expressed in the writing (Langley et al. , 1988). There has been a move of IT from being an empowering agent of operational and material taking care of capacities to being an empowering agent of dynamic and activityplanning capacities inside the gracefully chain (La Londe Auker, 1973). Coordinations Information System Logistics Information System (LIS) is the application part of coordinations data innovation. A successful LIS encourages the best possible data stream between stock, 20 Information Flow warehousing and transportation to understand the significant level of client assistance. The capacity to improve the coordinations cost and administration levels is influenced by the LIS of the firm and its accomplices. Firms that give better coordinations administrations at a lower cost can have upper hand over its rivals (Bardi et al. , 1994). Two classes of LIS has been perceived in the writing (Closs et al. , 1997). Coordinations working frameworks (LOS) allude to value-based applications, for example, request passage, request handling, warehousing, and transportation. Coordinations arranging frameworks (LPS) allude to organizing applications, for example, determining, stock administration, and dispersion prerequisites arranging. EDI Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has effectively improved the correspondence between firms which is fundamental for coordinations. This innovation expects firms to have regular information designing and transmission principles or conventions. Such advances have been utilized by organizations to arrange their worth chain exercises including coordinations. Early utilizations of EDI has been on transmitting vehicle area data by railroads to their clients. Different kinds of coordinations data conveyed by EDI are buy orders/discharges and changes, propelled transporting sees, bills of filling, and solicitations. Opportune and precise data is critical in dynamic about complex coordinations issues. Japan Airlines (JAL) received EDI to deal with their perplexing worth chain coordinations required for their tasks, remembering obtainment and only for time conveyance of airplane fuel, fix and support airplane parts, food providing food and other client prerequisites (Chatfield Bjorn-Andersen, 1997). The upper hand picked up by organizations utilizing EDI is refered to in the writing. Firms using EDI were better ready to satisfy more noteworthy number of administrations to their clients (Rogers et al. , 1992). Bar coding Bar coding is one of the most IT empowering agents to date and has had noteworthy effect in the training. Beginning in 1960’s the absolute most punctual execution of standardized identifications were in rail street vehicles. These days it is wild in anything that should be recognized and followed. The distinctive sort of scanner tags are accessible, known as symbologies, for various purposes. By and by, most firms want to utilize industry measures as opposed to exclusive norms for the greater part of their scanner tags on their items. By adhering to industry norms, standardized identifications lessen the entanglements intrinsic in the utilization of various standa

Armitages and Keeble-Allens Undertaking a structured Literature Review Essay

Armitages and Keeble-Allens Undertaking an organized Literature Review or Structuring a Literature Review, Tales from the Field Article Critique - Essay Example The examination directed by the two analysts depends on various trustworthy auxiliary hotspots for the writing audit. The essential information then again was accumulated from the field with an example of four ace understudies. The strategy applied by the analysts is dependable in that it maintains set up strategies for investigate. Specifically, the scientists depended on unstructured meetings to accumulate essential information from the example during their administrative meetings. Investigate of the Evidence Used During research, it is regularly so as to utilize a now and again, particularly if the populace under examination is amazingly high or when related expenses of directing the investigation are incredibly high (Patton 2002). While the specialists utilized a little example in leading their investigation, it is certain that the proof utilized was satisfactory and precise. The information from the unstructured meetings with ace understudies was sufficient and is illustrative of what different understudies experience while leading their examinations at the undergrad and ace levels. The investigation likewise â€provides proof dependent on 18 auxiliary sources that are later (from 1995 to-date), believable and created by definitive sources.

Chemotherapy and Drug Design (Essay) - 4675 Words

Chemotherapy and Drug Design (Essay Sample) Content: CHEMOTHERAPY AND DRUG DESIGNNameTutorCourseDate Chemotherapy and Drug DesignThe Role of Iron in the Body and Its Homeostasis The trace element, also referred to as micronutrient iron plays a significant role in some of the vital functions of the body. Iron is one of the numerous macromolecules within the human body that helps in the production of energy through the formation of adenosine triphosphate molecules, aiding in xenobiotic metabolism and facilitating ribonucleoside reductase activity in DNA synthesis (He et al, 2007; MacKenzie et al, 2007). The macromolecules consist of cytochromes, hemoglobin, flavoproteins, oxygenases and redoxins. As a result, iron becomes a vital part of the biological processes that take place in the human body. Iron, in its nature, is dichromatic; it can favorably participate in the production of energy by election transfer while it can also be toxic in electron transfer in the oxidation reduction reactions. Cytoplasmic iron is usually in its reduced form and consequently it is always ready to undergo oxidation. As a result, in case the nearby lipids become peroxidized, DNA and other molecules may be damaged. This makes iron deficiency and severe iron overload to be equally dangerous and disastrous. In mammalian tissues, the concentration of iron is not to be too high since it is usually sequestered by numerous host proteins such as lactoferrin and serum transferrin and as such it is usually not available. Hence, any microorganisms invading the body will compete with transferrin for the iron. Secreting sidorephores that usually bind with iron have the property of preventing any bacterial invasion into the body (Crossa and Payne, 2004). Any growth and multiplication of microorganisms are normally hindered by the presence of iron at the bodys physiological pH since its solubility is usually poor. An organism incapable of availing iron from its numerous sources will inevitably be unsuccessful as a pathogen. Gram ne gative microorganisms are usually recognized by the complexes of iron and siderophones at the specific outer membrane receptors. In the Gram positive organisms, it is the specific binding proteins that recognize the iron-siderophone complexes. Both the Gram positive and the Gram negative bacteria usually take iron from heme. The Gram negative bacteria use two methods. One is by binding to the outer membrane receptors and periplasmic binding of ABC permeases. The second one will involve the secretion of specialized bacteria protein sequesters from other sources. The proteins that act like siderophores are usually called hemophores. Hemophilus influenza has hemophore that capture that capture free heme from either the hemoglobin or the hemopexin. Pseudomonas organisms and Yersinia pestis have a second hemophore system (Crossa, 2004).Immune functions, Erythropoiesis and oxidate metabolism are known to use iron (Munoz et al, 2009). Erythropoiesis basically refers to the production of re d blood cells (RBCs). Through iron; a daily turnover of 1011RBCs in a normal adult is possible. In case of any damage as a result of either hemolysis or hemorrhage, the production of the RBCs will be rapidly stepped up by a quick response. Overproduction of the RBCs does not occur since erythropoiesis tends to be well regulated by the regulatory proteins which ensure that the RBCs circulating are within a normal range (Munoz et al, 2009, MacKenzie, 2007). In the first stage of the formation of the RBC, the stem cell normally changes into thyroid in the bone marrow. Consequently, the stages from the ethyroid to the orthochromatic erythroblast are usually influenced by erythropoietin. The orthochromatic erythroblast changes reticulocytes that circulate in the blood to become mature RBCs another day. Iron, vitamin B12 and folate are very essential for the differentiation and maturation of RBCs. Oxidative Metabolism Most metabolic processes normally require iron for proper functioning. However, excess iron in the body is harmful as it may cause damage to the body cells through oxidative stress occasioned by the release of free hydroxyl radicals which are usually very reactive and therefore harmful. The iron will therefore be absorbed but cannot be excreted and this will lead to accumulation of age which can be very lethal (He et al, 2007, MacKenzie et al, 2007).A network of proteins has been related to iron metabolism. In most tissues, iron is usually bound to the transferrin receptor. Various enzymes involved in vital metabolic cycles require iron in their functioning; the citric acid cycle, succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase. Additionally, there are other enzymes that have iron incorporated as is the case with cytochrome oxidases and the iron - sulphur complexes of the electron transport chain. The iron- sulphur complexes are very essential in making adenosine triphosphate required for energy (He et al, 2007).Iron is required to facilitate the ribonucleoside reductase activity that takes place as a step of DNA synthesis. Iron is also required for myelogenesis and the maintenance of myelin within the central nervous system. Any disruptions of myelin can cause auditory defects among the children. Additionally, demyelinating diseases have also been associated with defective iron homeostasis. Neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin need iron for as a co-factor in their synthesis. Parkinsons disease and mood disorders have also been related to defective iron homeostasis (He et al, 2007).Inflammatory-Stress Response Iron and its homeostasis are very much linked to inflammatory responses. To combat the anemia of inflammatory illnesses, a tight control of homeostasis has to be in place (Wessling-Resnick, 2010). Hepcidin is the peptide hormone that controls iron homeostasis and as such its regulation will determine how the body iron homeostasis will occur. High iron stores have been proven to produce some susceptibility to disea se and adverse responses to inflammatory infections and diseases (Wessling-Resnick, 2010). Physiological systemic mechanisms are therefore required to maintain a balance between nutrition and toxicity. Unlike other metals, iron through iron homeostasis is capable of controlling illnesses by using survival mechanisms.Homeostasis The total body iron requirement for a 70 kg male is 3.5 gm which is 50mg/kg body weight (Munoz et al, 2009). This iron is usually found within the hemoglobin of the RBCs making up 65% of the composition while 10% is composed in the myoglobin of muscle fibers. Enzymes and cytochromes hold just 350mg of iron while 200mg are stored in the liver, 500mg in the macrophages and 150mg within the bone marrow. Among the pre- menopausal women, their total body iron tends to be less. Normal diet contributes 15-20mg of iron whose absorption is 1-2mg/day. The bodys level of iron is mainly controlled by activities such as menstruation, sloughing of intestinal mucosal cells and other minor blood losses. Erythropoiesis requires an internal turnover of 20-30mg/day of iron while there are no research findings confirming the excretion of iron (Munoz et al, 2009). Iron homeostasis is depends heavily on daily consumption from the duodenum which is very essential for the oxidative metabolism of the cells. However, excessive iron is usually highly toxic to the cells and causes cell death by free radical formation with lipid peroxidation (Munoz et al, 2009). Consequently, to achieve better results, iron homeostasis must be properly regulated. Cellular iron is usually regulated by some proteins from the non heme tissues to ensure that the iron is optimally in the body. The bodys primary needs for iron are recycled by the reticulo-endothelial system from the remains of the RBCs (Wessling-Resnick, 2010). For a normal person, iron conserved in the stores is usually sufficient for the body. However, in cases of pregnancy, bleeding illness, loss of blood in trauma an d hypoxia additional requirement is usually essential. These are the situations that determine the bodys total iron requirement. The process of availing iron in the body is normally streamlined by the duodenal enterocytes. Hereditary haemachromatosis upsets iron management system allowing excess iron to enter the body and thus overloading it. In cases such as anemia of inflammation or chronic illnesses, iron absorption will become limited and will be retained in the reticulo-endothelial system thus distorting the natural flow of events (Wessling-Resnick, 2010). Several proteins participate in iron homeostasis during the absorption process (Munoz et al, 2009). Regulating these proteins is very important in maintaining iron homeostasis since it is the absorbed iron that ultimately decides the iron content within the body (Wallander, 2006). Normal diets contain heme and non-heme iron. The heme iron is usually obtained from meat and is easily digested. Its digestion is supported by the pancreatic enzymes within the intestines (Johnson-Wimbley and Graham, 2011). The globin moiety is separated from the helm. On the other hand, non-heme iron is usually obtained from cereals, beans and vegetables but its absorption is comparably less and it is either in the ferric (Fe+2) or ferrous state (Fe+3). The acidic pH of the stomach enhances the Bioavailability of dietary iron (Johnson-Wimbley and Graham, 2011). In the presence of Vitamin C, precipitation of ferric iron is prevented. Before absorption, ferric iron, if present, must be converted into the ferrous state by the duodenal cytochrome b. Absorption of non-heme iron is reduced by grains and non-herbal tea. The transfer of iron in heme and non-heme is in form of ferrous iron across the intestinal mucosa into the enterocyte in absorption. This occurs through export of ferroprotein and oxidation by hephaestin or ceruloplasmin (Wessling-Resnick, ...

Pain Affects - Free Essay Example

Pain affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease and cancer combined according to nih.gov. In the book The Giver, people have never experienced pain. In the community, there is no color, past, or pain. But a boy named Jonas can experience all of those things. The community should have pain, because it helps with growth, confidence, and connections with each people. People can have growth by learning from the pain. An example is Jonas is riding on his bicycle. Painfully righted himself and the bike, and reassured Gabe (171). This quote shows how Jonas continued in pain, yet he continued to reassure Gabe. Another example, is when Jonas is remembering a time when his friend was disciplined. He couldnt seem to stop, though for each lapse the discipline wand came again, escalating to a series of painful lashes that left marks on Ashers legs (55) This quote tells us that Asher learned from the pain, and grew as a three. From then on, he learned to keep his mouth quiet. Pain can also help grow a personrs confidence. The book states Something within him, something that had grown there through the memories, told him to throw the pill away. This quote proves that even through all the memories off pain, color, and past. Jonas grew as a person, through all the memories he had received. Another example is when Jonas is thinking how the people would be able to handle all the past. Their attention would turn to the overwhelming task of bearing the memories themselves. This quote shows how much growth Jonas mustve had to endure the memories, compared to others who would be overwhelmed. Finally, pain can help people connect. In the book Jonas and Gabriel are hiding from the planes, under a bush, waiting anxiously. So always, when he heard the aircraft sound, he reached to Gabriel and transmitted memories of snow, keeping some for himself. Together they became cold; and when the planes were gone, they would shiver, holding each other, until sleep came again. (169.) This quote show how memories can help us connect with other people. Another example that proves my idea, The Giver would help them (161). This quote shows how memories can help people connect and relate to each other.

The Complexity of My Culture - 630 Words

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The Role Of Visual Arts For Stage Interventions Into The...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate - in practice and conceptually - the function of the mirror in visual art, with particular reference to the portrayal of women.†¨By drawing from the field of art and literature featuring the mirror and reflection, I will be looking at how the work of contemporary women artists and photographers challenged traditional attitudes and practices. This dissertation will be about women who use visual arts to stage interventions into the representation of the ‘female self’.†¨The female body and mirror have repeatedly featured in visual art over the centuries. It is the purpose of my dissertation to discover the reasons behind the use of the mirror in both western and contemporary art, giving a historical overview of women artists’ differing strategies towards self-portraiture throughout the twentieth century and analysing why this area has proved so fruitful and inspiring for women. RESEARCH This research aims to: examine the significance of the mirror in art:†¨ - simulation of reality;†¨ - metaphor for framing images: †¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœIn the aesthetic realm, as in philosophical, the frame constructs the image or the knowledge. The frame places certain material into the centre of discourse and marginalises others’. (Meskimmon, 1996:4)†¨ - definition of the ‘self’:†¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœThrough seeing itself in the mirror with the mother, the infant is enable to differentiate its polymorphous experiences of its body from those of the mother andShow MoreRelatedpreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesCalifornia Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 CALIFORNIA DEPAR TMENT OF EDUCATION †¢ SACRAMENTO, 2010 California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Publishing Information The California Preschool Learning Foundations (Volume 2) was developed by the Child Development Division, California Department of Education. 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One of the continuing challenges for many children is: (www) (7) a. enmeshed extended families b. unchanging values. c. poverty. *** d. high stakes testing 7. Brazelton and Greenspan’s â€Å"irreducible needs† include all the following EXCEPT: Read MoreComputer and Internet in Education13526 Words   |  55 Pageswhen a nationally representative sample of children ages 8 to 18 were asked which medium they would choose to bring with them to a desert isle, more chose a computer with Internet access than any other medium, including television.3 With the increased role of home computers in children’s lives has come increased concern about how children may be affected. 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There may be borderline cases too: do displays of bared breasts still count as sexually explicit in various contemporary western cultures? However, some material seems clearly to count as sexually explicit in many contexts today: in particular, audio, written or visual representations of sexual acts (e.g., sexual intercourse, oral sex) and exposed body parts (e

Illiteracy is a Common Problem Amongst Children and Adults...

Illiteracy is a common problem amongst children and adults. Illiteracy exists in all nations all over the world. Not having the ability to read and comprehend is a fault of the school systems. Many people assume that illiterate Americans are concentrated in large cities with troubled schools. Although this may be true in some cases, there are rural areas where illiteracy is often times are overlooked. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization released a study stating that 905 million individuals between 15 years of age and adulthood cannot read, which is almost one-quarter of the world’s population. The problem at hand is attempting to determine whether education for a child can be achieved at a rural or an urban school district. According to Greenberg and Teixeira the gap between well and poorly prepared student scores on the SAT and ACT exams is widening, according to 1998 statistics released by the College Board. The majority of this problem is du e to: education systems, culture, poverty, family responsibility. The Southwest Educational Development Laboratory cited a report, which found that â€Å"children in rural areas are more likely than city youth to be victims of child abuse, neglect, crime and substance abuse† (Tompkins and Deloney). Many rural students lower educational achievement and academic expectations correlates with their demographic. For instance, rural youths are more likely to live in a single-parent household, have lowShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Internet Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially for children. Modern technology brings great benefits to children academically and personally as a form of development to help them learn much faster. Most schools are incorporating the use of technology to children by encouraging them to learn creatively as an innovation to kids. 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Affirmative Action The Education System And Job Market

Growing up, most people were told to try their hardest to succeed in life and achieve the goals they set for themselves. Adults often told students to study often and work hard for high grades so they could later be admitted to the college of their choice. However, once the program affirmative action was instilled into universities around the nation, it set different qualifications for minority applicants and assigned points based off race. With these new criteria instigated, people saw the program as alluding to the notion that if you came from a particular race, the bar was no longer set at a high standard and therefore no need to work as hard as before. Others saw it as a great step forward to helping those who needed the extra assistance. Affirmative action began through President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Executive Order 11246, created with the hope of increasing diversity throughout the education system and job market. Since it first began it has sparked debate over whether it truly promotes equality and is as progressive as we would like to presume, or is just creating more problems. The program has created a firm divide between those who see it as unfair and those who believe it can still assist minorities. During a time where minorities were discriminated against, affirmative action may have been the best option to overcome racial barriers. However, the nation has made exceptional progress since Johnson’s time as president. Now the program rather brings more issues thanShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action Necessary or Unnecessary? Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action was centered around 1961 because women and minorities were being discriminated against. By definition, affirmative action is â€Å"the encouragement of increased representation of women and minority-group members, especially in employment† (Dictionary.com). 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I live in Northern Virginia,Read MoreAffirmative Action1571 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor Name Management 11th November 2011 Affirmative Action Thesis: Affirmative Action has helped many women and minorities in entering the job market. Although there has been a lot of hue and cry regarding the benefits of the affirmative action and the suitability of candidates selected thorough affirmative action; research has shown that affirmative action is beneficial and the candidates of affirmative action perform as well as those who are selected through theRead MoreAffirmative Action Is Not Based On Reason Or Actual Experience1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept affirmative action extensively across the United States. Affirmative action is discriminating in favor of racial minorities in admissions, hiring, tenure, contracting, and financial aid. When two people are equally qualified for a job or admission opportunity is it acceptable to make the choice based on race, sex, or ethnicity? It is widely known that affirmative action is admissible. There is an opposition between the American ideal of individualism and af firmative action. IndividualismRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Effects On The United States1100 Words   |  5 Pagesprovision that government contractors take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.† Affirmative Action policies have always been controversial, largely because of the allegation that they cause employers to give preference in hiring to less-qualified minorities or females over more-qualified white males. 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The people that defend it say that the playing field is not level, and that providing advantages for minorities and women isRead More Affirmative Action Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative action is a deliberate effort to provide full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas for women, minorities, and individuals belonging to other traditionally disadvantaged groups. As an issue of todays society, affirmative action requires corporations, universities and other organizations to establish programs designed to ensure that all applicants are treated fairly. It also places a burden of proof on the providers of opportunities;Read MoreAffirmative Action Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative action has been the federal governments attempt to ensure every American a chance at a good job and financial security. Since its inception, it has been greatly debated and modified to meet the changing times. 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Inequality in the Film Idustry Essay Example For Students

Inequality in the Film Idustry Essay Women around the world today still face overbearing challenges involving inequality with men by encountering disadvantages in education, politics, health, and even basic human rights. This type of discrimination leads to insecurities that could suppress women from achieving their aspirations, which could even potentially threaten economic growth and social progress (Smith 2014). One particular social issue that is still prevalent today is the gender bias common in the U. S. film industry. Leading female roles are often stereotyped and sexualized while rarely portraying characters whom hold positions of power and importance in film. The percentage of female speaking characters in top-grossing movies has not considerably changed in about half a century despite the recent achievements by feminist movements, as reported by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Along with being treated unfairly, women are also paid unfairly supposedly due to the differences in the kind and amount of human capital they acquire (Wharton 2004). Citizens today are gradually becoming more aware of this concern, yet not much has been done to change these recurring sexist problems that include objectifying women, decreasing their value as workers, and paying them unfairly. Since Adam and Eve, men have treated women as incompetent and uneducated human beings. Today women are usually expressed as sex symbols and are often casted as half-witted, ditsy characters that make unintelligent remarks to entertain an audience. Exposure to sexualized content and objectifying women can result in body shaming, appearance anxiety, and unrealistic ideals of how a female should look like (Yasmine 2015). Producers and directors would rather hire the actress with bigger breasts and the best complexion compared to the other individual who doesn’t generally care about her appearance as much, even if they had the same skills. Women are consistently asked to lose weight or dye their hair in order to be cast for certain roles but all that does to society is generate an unrealistic ideals of what females should look and act like. Men are rarely asked to change their appearance because their roles are assigned solely based on talent, which is how it should be for all sexes according to the feminist perspective. In movies involving nudity women are twice as likely as men to be shown partially or fully nude, or wearing sexually revealing clothing (Handy and Rowlands 2014). Youth and beauty are undoubtedly two important components of female portrayals in movies but what type of competence is perceived when taking appearance into account? Being taken seriously as a woman is such a necessity, especially in the workplace, otherwise there would be a totally biased work environment that only benefits the group in power. Granted there are some films out there that appoint strong female leads like Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games but â€Å"out of a total of 5,799 speaking or named characters on screen, 30. 9 percent were females and 69. 1 percent were males (Smith)†. The percent of leading female roles is even lower equaling 23. 3 percent and the amount of those actresses that are casted as positions of power is virtually non-existent (Smith). The same statistics correlate with female directors as well. Findings reveal that females in film have a higher risk of career failure than their male colleagues when affiliated in cohesive networks (Lutter)†. A recent study released by Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film at San Diego State University showed that only 7 percent of directors on the 250 top grossing films were women, a two percent drop over the last 17 years (Lauzen 2014). Only four women have ever been nominated for Best Directing and Kathryn Bigelow was the firs t, and to date the only female director to win the Academy Award for Best Directing (Lauzen). .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 , .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .postImageUrl , .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 , .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:hover , .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:visited , .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:active { border:0!important; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:active , .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06 .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83bc81b26d6b01aa2bb851edfeb34f06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Star wars Return of the Jedi book paper Summary EssayAll women are categorized the same way because they lack awards and recognized achievements due to the maternal responsibility inflicted on them; as a result, men believe that women should be paid less. According to the National Committee on Pay Equity in 2010, for every dollar earned by a man, a woman made 77 cents (Leon-Guerrero 2014). During the 2015 Oscars Patricia Arquette, who won for best supporting actress, advocated equal rights for women by stating in her speech â€Å"It is our time to have wage equality once and for all, and equal rights for women in the United States of America! This moment was a huge step f or females since the issue was addressed during a nationally broadcasted program that millions of people witnessed. In the U. S. women have less continuous work experience due to childbirth and motherly responsibilities but that shouldn’t result in pay inequality (Leon-Guerrero). A higher value is already placed on men than on woman so their work goes underappreciated and pushed to the side. Some females are okay with being at home mothers and enjoy the satisfaction of supplying their family with love. However, we have entered a generation in which men and women need to be treated as equals by receiving fair evaluations based entirely on the work ethic and efficiency of each individual employee. When the Declaration of Independence was being written, women were not acknowledged as equal members of society, therefore it was not accepted that they should receive their full rights. It’s not 1776 anymore and women deserve to be treated exactly the same as men and that goes for anyone of color or sexual orientation. We are all citizens of the United States and need to come together in order to improve our country and thrive as human beings. Bibliography: Handy, Jocelyn, and Lorraine, Rowlands. Gendered Inequality Regimes And Female Labour Market Disadvantage Within The Film Industry. Womens Studies Journal 28.2 (2014): 24-38. Academic Search Premier. Web. Lutter, Mark. Do Women Suffer From Network Closure? The Moderating Effect Of Social Capital On Gender Inequality In A Project-Based Labor Market, 1929 To 2010. American Sociological Review 80.2 (2015): 329- 358. Academic Search Premier. Web. Lauzen, Dr. Martha M. â€Å"The Celluloid Ceiling: Behind-the-Scenes Employment of Women on the Top 250 Films of 2014.† Center for the Study of Women in Television Film. (2014). Web. Leon-Guerrero, Anna. â€Å"Gender†. Social Problems: Community, Policy, and Social Action. (2014). SAGE Publications. Print. Smith, Dr. Stacy L. Gender Bias Without Borders. An Investigation of Female Characters in Popular Films Across 11 Countries (2014): Web. Motion Picture Association of America. â€Å"Theatrical Market Statistics†. (2012).Web. Yasmine, Rola. Postponing Sexual Debut Among University Youth: How Do Men And Women Differ In Their Perceptions, Values And Non-Penetrative Sexual Practices?. Culture, Health Sexuality 17.5 (2015): 555-575. Academic Search Premier. Web.

Compiler Design 2 free essay sample

Outline s Refreshing Uncensored Groundbreaking †¦. The Dr. Wang’s original lecture: s s s s s Tutorial of Design Compiler s s Introduction Setting Up the Tutorial Graphical Interface The Alarm Clock Design Setting Design Environment Setting Design Constraints Overview of Optimization Phases Analysis of Report DC Tutorial 2 Introduction s s s Introduction s s s s The Synthesis Process Design Compiler Products Synthesis Programs and Tools Design Styles Input and Output Formats User Interfaces Script Files DC Tutorial 4 The Synthesis Process Start Rewrite Verilog Code Read in Design Set Attributes Set Realistic Timing Goal Check Design Errors No Yes Fix Bugs Change Constraints Modify Compile Attributes Ungroup Design Blocks The DC Products s DC Professional – No multi-frequency clocking, latch-based time borrowing, pipeline re-timing, critical path resynthesis, in-place optimization, and incremental editing s DC Expert – Include features for maximizing performance s FPGA Compiler – Targets only FPGA technology Optimize No Good? Yes Done DC Tutorial 5 DC Tutorial 6 1 Synthesis Tools HDL Design Analyzer HDL Compilers DesignWare DesignWare Developer Architectural Optimization s s Architectural Optimization Gate-Level s s Design Analyzer Logic Optimization Design Compilers Cell Library Library Compiler s s Arithmetic Optimization Timing and Area-Based Resource Sharing Sub-expression Removal Constraint-Driven Resource Selection Inference of Synthetic Part (DesignWare) For more information – HDL Compiler for Verilog Reference Manual Optimized Gate-level Netlist DC Tutorial 7 DC Tutorial 8 DesignWare s DesignWare Developer Provide a library of high-level design components – Adders, Multiplier, etc. s s The HDL compiler will select the proper components for you based on your timing and area goals See Documentation Collection (open collection) – Synopsys DesignWare 1997. 01 s Create DesignWare Libraries DC Tutorial 9 DC Tutorial 10 DC Products s Cell Library s Library of basic cells used by DC – AND, OR, XOR, etc. s Optimize your design at the gate level Using selected cell libraries s For FPGA compiler, it may contain more complex cells – Xilinx CLBs, IOBs, etc. DC Tutorial 11 DC Tutorial 12 2 Library Compiler Design Styles s Yes, you can create your own cell libraries s s Hierarchical or Flatten Combinational or Sequential DC Tutorial 13 DC Tutorial 14 Input Formats s s s s Output Formats s s s s s VHDL Verilog PLA EDIF 2. 00 Xilinx XNF s Synopsys binary format (. db files) VHDL Verilog EDIF 2. 00 Equation, LSI Logic, Mentor Graphics, PLA, state table, Tegas formats Xilinx XNF format DC Tutorial 15 DC Tutorial 16 User Interfaces s Scripts s shell dc_shell – – – – – – – – – unix-like command shell dc_shell quit dc_shell cd my_dir dc_shell alias wv write -f verilog dc_shell pwd dc_shell history n dc_shell list -command dc_shell man dc_shell sh â€Å"lpr † s s s s shell design_analyzer graphical interface DC Tutorial 17 A set of command can be put together into a file called â€Å"script† Then, you don’t need to re-type some the commands again and again when using the dc_shell Scripts for this tutorial will be provided for your reference You can run them when you are home without the X-window capability DC Tutorial 18 3 Locate Documentation s s s s s s s shell design_analyzer select Help On-Line Documentation †¦. Ignore the square window with â€Å"Titles† – select Cancel to close it – focus on the one with â€Å"File, Edit, View †¦Ã¢â‚¬  select File Open Collection select Synopsys Synthesis Tools 1997. 1 and then click OK select Documents Formatted for Printing and then click Open In the â€Å"File, Edit, View †¦Ã¢â‚¬  window, now you can select a list of on-line documents DC Tutorial 19 Setting Up the Tutorial Setting Up the Tutorial s s s s Creating The Directories s cp -r /baby/synopsys/doc/syn/tutorial . Home Directory tutorial Creating the directories Setting paths and aliases Creating a start-up file Running tutorial with scripts db/ verilog/ vhdl/ appendix_A/ Script files work (empty) DC Tutorial 21 DC Tutorial 22 Path s s .synopsys_dc. setup file % source /usr/local/bin/setup. synopsys Or you can put it in . cshrc file – % source . cshrc – % rehash s s You can take a look of the setup file – % more /usr/local/bin/setup. synopsys s Creating a . synopsys_dc. setup file can overwrite system default settings % cp ~/tutorial/. sysnopsys_dc. setup ~/. synopsys_dc. setup % vi ~/. synopsys_dc. setup – company = â€Å"Motorola Somerset†; – designer = â€Å"CEO†; – view_background = â€Å"while†; s It basically setup the right environmental variables for you DC Tutorial 23 DC Tutorial 24 4 More about setup file s Scripts s s % more . synopsys_dc. setup – search_path = { } + search_path – link_library †¦ target_library †¦ symbol_library †¦ define_design_lib †¦ s s s s s search_path = {a directory} + search_path – if you cp tutorial into a directory other than home link_library: location of subdesgins referenced by the design target_library: identify technology libraries symbol_library: identify symbols library for generating/viewing schematics define_design_lib: identify a temporary place to store intermediate files created by the analyzer DC Tutorial 25 No X-Window, No Problem Find script files in ~/tutorial/appendix_A/. See Design Analyzer Reference Manual for more detail DC Tutorial 26 Graphical Interface s s Start: % design_analyzer Quit: Select File Quit Menu Bar Graphical Interface View Buttons Level Buttons Scroll Bar Message Area (view_background = â€Å"while†;) View Window DC Tutorial 28 Mouse Buttons s Chec k Default Setup s Setup Defaults Left Button – Select design and design objects s Mid Button – Add or remove objects from a group of objects already selected s Right Button Bring up the pop-up menu DC Tutorial 29 DC Tutorial 30 5 Read in a Design s Save a Design s File – analyze elaborate – read File Save or Save As †¦ – Once a design is selected s analyze : – read in VHDL/Verilog; check for syntax and synthesizale logic; store as intermediate formats – Use to read each sub-design + top level design s elaborate : – create the design from intermediate formats; determine the correct bus size; Use for top level design + sub-design with parameters passing in s read : read design formats other than HDL (db, PLA, tc. ) DC Tutorial 31 DC Tutorial 32 A Design Has 4 Views s s s s s Design View s Design View Symbol View Schematic View Hierarchy View T View (No Use) After â€Å"read† in all 13 verilog files in the tut orial directory – you first enter the Design View DC Tutorial 33 DC Tutorial 34 Symbol View s Schematic View s Select TIME_STATE_MACHINE and double-click on it - you enter the symbol view of the design Click on the â€Å"schematic view† button on the left hand side DC Tutorial 35 DC Tutorial 36 6 Hierarchy View s Design View Icons s s s s Click the up arrow (left hand side) to go back to design view; doubleclick on TOP; Select View Change View Hierarchy – TOP contains 6 modules Netlist: read in as a netlist and optimized to gates Equation: In VHDL, Verilog, or equation format that is partially or completely behavioral PLA: Specified in PLA format State Table: Specified in state table format Y=A+B 010-0 1-101 PLA State Table Netlist Equation DC Tutorial 37 DC Tutorial 38 Command Window s dc_shell Commands Setup Command Window s For more information, – see Design Compiler Reference Manual: Fundamentals DC Tutorial 39 DC Tutorial 40 Design Attributes s Operating Environment Sub-menu s Attributes are values you set to control the optimization process – Select Attributes from the menu s The Attributes menu provide access to – – – – – – – Set input and output delays Set drive strengths set loads Characterize subdesigns Select operating conditions Choose a wire load model Create or modify a clock DC Tutorial 41 Set design properties that describes the internal conditions of a design and the design’s interaction with its surrounding – drive strength on ports – the time that signals arrive on ports – load driven by output ports DC Tutorial 42 7 Optimization Constraints s Design Optimization s Set the goal for design optimization – largest delay allowed – greatest area allowed Select Tools Design Optimization – See Design Compiler Reference Manual: Optimization and Timing Analysis for more detail s Two set-constraint windows – Design Constraints window †¢ Goals for area and power †¢ Design rules implied by technology library †¢ Test-related constraints (testability) – Timing Constraints window †¢ Timing constraints s DC Tutorial 43 DC Tutorial 44 Locating Problems s Generate Report s Before and after optimization, use Schematic View and Check Design to locate problems – Generate schematic view – Select Analysis Check Design – Jump to a design object †¢ Click on an error or warning message in the Design error window †¢ Click on the show button Analysis Report †¦ DC Tutorial 45 DC Tutorial 46 Run a Script File s Setup Execute Script – check out ~/tutorial/appendix_A/*. script – dc_shell include The Alarm Clock Design DC Tutorial 47 8

The Economic Development of Indonesia

Executive Summary In the recent past, Indonesia has been experiencing an improving gross domestic growth rate and purchasing parity despite the global financial crisis of 2007. However, the economic growth rate is hampered by unfavorable economic, political and social parameters like inflation, corruption, nepotism, and racism. In the 1960s, the country suffered an economic crisis which was believed to have been caused by corruption and inflation in the country.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Economic Development of Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Governments, nongovernmental organization, and civil groups have joined efforts to alleviate corruption; however it still is persistent. Indonesia is among world’s most inflated countries with inflation of more than 10% since the 1960s; with such a record in inflation, the country has continued to suffer a reducing purchasing power parity (PPP) (Fane, 2003). Corruption can be found among political leaders, public institutions, individuals, and private institutions; the â€Å"culture† hinders rapid growth in the oil rich country. Statement of issue The main issue affecting the country is to determine when corruption will be completely alleviated and who should be held responsible of the situation in the country. When will there be corrupt free institutions in Indonesia? Corruption is the main cause of all the problems in Indonesia; then the big question is, is there an effective policy that can completely eradicate this big problem? Has Indonesia been using the wrong development strategy? Introduction In the 1960s Indonesia suffered political instability that did not spare the economic situation; it was during this time that the country’s then president, Suharto was classified among the most corrupt leaders by transparency international. It was in 1990s while Suharto was still the president, that corrup tion gained momentum to a point that the government was not able to clear its debts or collect outstanding debts from its debtors. There was a high level of bankruptcy and the government was not able to bail out those who were bankrupt. Moreover, the legal system was very weak to control any economic activities of the country. Businesses were carried out normally although the economy did not grow as expected because of corruption. Trade was carried out devoid of payment of tax and banks were also involved in corruption and their processes were unrefined. Lending was security based and lending regulations were not followed keenly. There were many barriers to domestic trade and export trade (Fane, 2003). This led to low activities in businesses which contributed to increased poverty. Despite the high level of inflation during this time, there were no domestic subsidies and this led to hunger and poverty (Fane, 2003). Many people, about 70%, were living below the poverty line during th is period; these problems distorted the economy of Indonesia greatly (see the appendix). In 1998 Indonesia was in real economic crisis as inflation reached 80% and it was expected to reach 100% by the end of the year. Many people in Indonesia were faced with food security problems; people were hungry and poor.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This triggered students in Indonesia to start demonstrations demanding the President to put an end to corruption, favoritism and conspiracy. The students pointed out that corruption; favoritism and conspiracy were the main causes of economic crisis in Indonesia. They demanded for good governance which would liberate Indonesia from economic crisis (World Bank, 2008). There were also problems in healthcare systems because the money allocated to them was not enough. Public health facilities did not have enough drugs. Further, healt h promotion and prevention programs were not in function due to lack of funds. In addition, natural resources were depleted as a result of poverty because people relied on natural resources, such as fishing and agriculture for their survival. The population increased and this led to deforestation leading to low agricultural yield. There was food insecurity in the whole country. All this problems were as a result of corruption (Pettis, 2001). Policy applied to recover Indonesia economy. The policy of open economy was applied which was not as effective as expected. People termed it as premature because there was crisis in financial sector. Other countries have responded positively to an open economy policy but this was not the case for Indonesia. The question has always been, is Indonesia using the wrong development strategy? All the blame has been put on corruption and conspiracy. This has prevented Indonesia from globalization. Emphasis has been put on good governance and good devel opment strategy. The Policy of liberalization has been put in place to ensure that Indonesia is able to maintain an open economy. The country has also attempted to raise domestic interest rates and tightened its monetary policy as way of controlling corruption. International monetary fund came into an agreement with Indonesia to stabilize macroeconomic activities and eliminate programs that were affecting the economy. The government of President Suharto then weakened and he was removed from office (Pettis, 2001). Abdurrahman took the office of presidency in 1999. He signed an agreement with international monetary fund for an extended fund facility. The economy was then at a poor state, but president Abdurrahman managed to put new administration and as a result inflation reduced by 2% by the end of 1999 (Muchhala, 2007). Policy critique In 2000 president Abdulahiman signed another agreement with international monetary fund for extended fund facility. This program targeted economic re form, structural reform and governance reforms. With the new administration the economy has been accelerating and recovery has been on the positive.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Economic Development of Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Poverty reduced from 17.8 to 16.6 percent in 2008 (Muchhala, 2007). The rate of unemployment has also been reducing. With oil contributing the biggest percentage of export, Indonesia is now one of the fast growing economies in the G20 developing countries. It has also industrialized and its economy has expanded. The international monetary fund increased its focus on the country by raising it to 3.4 from 2.5 percent. The country has been able to implement its financial reforms by reducing public and external debt. Banking facilities have also been reformed and its vulnerability has reduced. Businesses have been strengthened and this has had great impact on individual development. Banks have been capitalized and supervision strengthened to make sure that there is no corruption (Miller, 1997). Before the new administration was introduced, the use of open economy had failed because it was implemented by corrupt leaders. Presently, Indonesia has a market economy where the government is actively involved and owns many enterprises. The government has also been controlling prices of products such as oil and other basic products (Kaufman, Krueger, Hunter, 1999). Other issues to worry about Though the economy has been growing continuously since 1999, inflation has persisted and has led to a wider economic gap among Indonesians. Inflation has been higher than economic growth and this has contributed to the high level of poverty in Indonesia. In the year 2010, inflation was at 7%; this was a high percentage compared to economic growth which was at 6%. The cause of this high inflation remained a puzzle, although it was linked to corruption as be ing the main cause. It was noted that unless this issue is dealt with seriously, it may continue to deprive Indonesians off their wealth despite their growing economy (Fane, 2003). The other issue that Indonesia needs to worry about is its rapid increasing population. Indonesia is known to be among the most populated countries. This has been straining its economy. This calls for birth control measures so as a country is able to have a population that it can support without straining (Deutser, 2002). Another issue is deforestation and this has resulted from high population. This has adverse effects on agricultural production because it affects the climate. Most people depend on agriculture for food. Agricultural production is important as it contributes a big portion of gross domestic production. It also ensures that there is food security in a country (Pettis, 2001).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other issue the government of Indonesia should consider is health; there have been concerns about the health of the population with diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria and Tuberculosis being on the rise. These diseases have been increasing due to poor health promotion and prevention programs. The government should invest in health care systems for a healthy productive nation (Pettis, 2001). Recommendations To attain high economic growth rate, the Indonesian government should implement programs to alleviate corruption; the programs should be supported by government, international bodies, private and public institutions, and civil societies. The inflation situation of the economy can be checked by implementing effective frameworks to alleviate corruption and holding leaders accountable for their actions and decisions. The programs should be set to focus not only individuals, but also institutions, political groups, community welfares, and government ministries. When addressing the iss ue of corruption, the program should be effective enough to address nepotism, racism, and conspiracy prevailing in the economy. References Deutser, P. (2002). Survey of Recent Development. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1(1).1. Fane, G. (2003). Change and Continuity in Indonesia’s New Fiscal Decentralization Arrangements. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1(1).1. Kaufman, G., Krueger, T., Hunter W, (1999). The Asian Financial Crisis: Origins, Implications and Solutions. New York: Springer. Miller, J. (1997). Deforestation in Indonesia and the Orangutan Population. TED Case Studies, 1(1), 1. Muchhala, B, (2007) Ten Years After: Revisiting the Asian Financial Crisis. Washington, DC Natasha, H. (2001). Anti-Corruption Strategies in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1(1), 1. Pettis M, (2001). The Volatility Machine: Emerging Economies and the Threat of Financial Collapse. Oxford University Press. ISBN  0-19-514330-2. World Bank. (2008). Indon esia: Economic and Social update. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org. Appendix Macroeconomic trend in Indonesia after signing international monetary fund agreement Year GDP USD exchange (rupiah) Inflation index (2007=100) Nominal Per Capita GDP (as  % of USA) PPP Per Capita GDP (as  % of USA) 1980 60,143.191 626.98 10 5.25 5.93 1985 112,969.792 1,110.58 11 3.47 5.98 1990 233,013.290 1,842.80 16 3.01 6.63 1995 502,249.558 2,248.60 24 4.11 8.14 2000 1,389,769.700 8,396.33 53 2.32 6.92 2005 2,678,664.096 9,705.16 83 3.10 7.51 2010 6,422,918.230 8,555.00 121 6.38 9.05 This research paper on The Economic Development of Indonesia was written and submitted by user Delaney Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hero Essay Sample - A List of Character Building Qualities

Hero Essay Sample - A List of Character Building QualitiesThe hero essay sample should be based on a character who is courageous, heroic, strong, brave, capable, competent, has some kind of ultimate purpose or goal. The Hero's path should end up at the goal. In addition, the character must be portrayed as trying to discover and understand what his purpose is. He must make choices that affect how he sees himself and those around him.Though it may seem like these are very crucial components to a good story, they are the ones that will most likely hold the life of the reader. The characters should not be confused with one another, rather each character should play an important role in this story.The hero's journey is where the young prince, Aladdin, goes in search of his treasure. To find it, he must go through a dungeon. The name of the cave is 'Jabbar's Cave.' This is where the young king is captured by Jafar, who wants to test Aladdin's strength and courage.Jafar asks Aladdin to act like a man and fight a battle with him. He promises Aladdin if he does so, he will show him the true meaning of power. Aladdin agrees to the challenge and heads into Jabbar's cave with his trusty genie.In order to fight Jafar, Aladdin must open a door to a different dimension. It is here that Jafar comes to life. Using his magic powers, Jafar causes illusions to appear around Aladdin.The illusionist seeks to force Aladdin to fight against his will and his 'strength' by using his mind to trick him. Aladdin is so weak that he can not stand up to Jafar and heis unable to think clearly. He thinks that Jafar will knock him out and he will be able to get away. Jafar's magic works, although he does knock Aladdin out.Aladdin is unable to see where the true evil lies. He tries to free himself but, with the help of Genie, he realizes the truth and he and Genie disappear into the doorway.The villains in this story did not have to be powerful or evil in order for the story to be gripping. What' s important is that the hero was willing to do what it took to win and the reader loved the character because he chose to and not because he had to.

3S271 CDC Essay Example

3S271 CDC Essay Example 3S271 CDC Paper 3S271 CDC Paper What three parts of the work center mission do you define during the anlaysis phase? Purpose, Products, and Customers What type of tasks must a needs assessment include? Daily routine, infrequent tasks, contingency, special work requirements, and additional duties Dependig on their availability and suitability, what documents may you use for identifying tasks in a specific work center Manning documents, training standards, mission statements, staff assistant visit reports, directives and past production reports What manpower documents identify AFSCs assigned to the work center? Unit Manning Document (UMD) and Unit Personnel Manpower Roster (UPMR) What Air Force manual identifies generic duties for each AFSC? AFMAN 36-2108, Airmen Classification What training documents can you research to identify specific tasks for the work center? Specialty Training Standard (STS), Career Field Education and Training Plan (CFETP), and Air Force Job Qualification Standard (AFJQS) List the two factors needed to qualify as a subject matter expert? Field Expertise and Recent Job Experience List the task you have to complete to prepare for an interview. Research, develop questions, set up the interview, prepare the room When conductig an interview, what is the basic goal of your questions? To gain information from the experts What is the term used to describe a person with in-depth work center knowledge? Subject Matter Expert (SME) When conducting the interview, why do you provide the SME with your phone number? In case the SME remembers other information later What can occur if the respondents are confused after reading the questionnaire instructions? They may discard the questionnaire What are the two types of questions that can be used on a questionnaire? Selection and Supply type When you develop an MTL, what do you list on it? All tasks done in a work center List the three types of training standards that you can use to develop an MTL. CFETP, AFJQS, and AF Form 797 What are the three characteristics of a task? Observable, measurable, must have a definite beginning and end When preparing a local training standard, how do you make sure the task is identified? By giving the task a descriptive title List the four levels you use to resolve a lack of training capability. Work center, unit education and training, base education and training, and MAJCOM career field manager level If a lack of training capability cannot be resolved at the base level, how do you forward this problem to MAJCOM? By using an AF Form 2096, Classification/ On the Job Training Action What training status code must you place a trainee in if you cannot resolve the lack of training capability at the base level? P What is an individuals training folder reviewed to ensure? To make sure applicable training standards are included On whom are initial qualification evaluations normally conducted? Recent formal school graduates and reassigned personnel List the additional training factors. Identifying personnel gains/losses, planning and scheduling training time, determining need for job rotation, and identifying work center training requirements When defining the work center training requirements, what do you have to do? Take the training requirements for each individual and add these task together. The sum total is all the work center training requirements. Where cana UTM look to confirm that a CDC is available for ordering? AFIADLs ;List of AFSCc with CDCs required; What on-line program allows UTMs to check CDC enrollment data at AFIADL? CDSAR Who determines the CDC volume completion sequence? The supervisor At what point in the CDC enrollment should you request an extension for a trainee? When the trainee enters the tenth month of enrollment CDC expirations beyond 90 days require what level of approval? Group Commander What forms the basis for all required unit training? Work Center Tasks Which usually provides the best information for identifyin work center tasks? Several sources Which document identifies personal information in manpower positions? Unit Personnel Manpower Roster (UPMR) Which publication describes the duties and responsibilities of all Air Force specialty codes (AFSC) in the Air Force? AFMAN 36-2108, Airman Classification The specialty training standard (STS) is part of the Career Field Education and Training Plan (CFETP) Which factor concerning subject matter expert (SME) qualification is based on time in the career field and in a particular job? Field Expertise When preparing for a subject matter expert (SME) interview, your first step is to review the Mission Statements The publication that contains information about organizations and their mission is the Air Force Mission Directives (AFMD) When researching for a subject matter expert (SME)interview, the tasks that are the easiest to identify are the normal day-to-day requirements What directive list mandatory requirements for a specific career field? AFMAN 36-2108, Airman Classification In researching for a subject matter expert (SME) interview, which form identifies the duties required for civilian personnel? AF Form 1378, Civilian Personnel Position Description Questions developed for a subject matter expert (SME) interview should be specific and pertain to the subject When asking questions during a subject matter expert (SME) interview, speak distinctly and clearly When used on a questionnaire, a closed-ended question limits the choice of possible responses Replies to what type of question on a research questionnaire can provide additional information beyond the scope of your question? Open-ended When developing a master task listing (MTL), keep it as simple as possible Which training document can be part of a master task listing (MTL) and shows tasks that are applicable to an entire career field? Career Field Education and Training Plan (CFETP) Which training standard is prepared by the Air Force career field managers (AFCFM) and describes a particular duty position? Air Force Job Qualification Standard (AFJQS) In reviewing tasks for a training standard, when the results of an action on a persons part can be seen, the task is said to be observable The task title is comprised of a verb and an object When a question of training capability arises, what base-level tool is available to determine if there are any local personnel who have retrained out of the Air Force specialty code (AFSC) in question? Military Personnel data system (MilPDS) What training status code (TSC) is used when a training capability problem prevents a trainee from progressing in training? P Who can authorize automation of a specialty training standard (STS)? Air Force career field manager (AFCFM) When conducting an initial evaluation on reassigned personnel, match the individuals qualifications to the work center requirements Training needs of an individual are called individual training requirements What do task objectives help you do? meet each training program objective List the three basic parts of a task objective. Condition, Performance/Behavior, and Standard What are the two basic ways of measuring a persons knowledge of a subject? Written and oral tests List the selection-type questions that you can use on a written test. Multiple choice, matching, and true false What should the questions used for an oral test require the student to do? Explain why he or she is performing certain functions What are you looking for when you review the test and questions? To see if questions are valid, reliable, comprehensive, objective, and discriminatory in nature. On what is a performance test based? Directly on what the individual is required to perform What are the three basic parts of a performance test? Objective, references/materials and Instructions What are the four common rating errors on which you need to train evaluators? Standard, Logic, Central Tendency, and Halo Long-term objectives are most often comprised of two or more short-term goals called task objectives What element of an objective tells the trainee the level of perfomance that must be met? Standard What are two-types of test items? Selection or supply type Which type of test questions can you use the same way as you do a multiple choice type? Matching When a test measures what it is suppose to measure, then the test is Valid If a test shows who knows and does not know the material, then the test is differentiating The references or materials used by a trainee during the performance test are those used by the trainee while learning the objective When developing a checklist for a performance test, include those items required for complete performance Which common rating error occurs when an evaluator sets how well the task is done according to his or her own ability to perform the task, which results in a high passing point? Standard List the three ways to prioritize tasks. Job Performance, Psychological, and Logical When can actual task performance begin once you set up a trainees training program? After the trainee acquires the task performance knowledge List the methods you can use to present information to the trainee or trainees? Lecture, coach/pupil, demonstration/performance, computer assisted, and qualification training packages List the four phases of the D/P method. Explanation, Demonstration, Performance, and Evaluation What is one of the complaints about computer-assisted instruction? That most computer-assisted lessons are nothing but page turners, and you can gett the same information from an AFI. Who normally develops a QTP? AFCFM What are the resources you would use when doing research for completing a task breakdown? Yourself, books and other experts. What must you identify when developing and documenting a task breakdown? Subtasks, procedural skills, and supporting knowledge Once you feel you have finished the task breakdown, what secific things do you look for when you review it to make sure it isa good product? Completeness, accuracy, and required equipment List the three major parts of a lesson plan Introduction, development or body and conclusion List the four basic parts of the introduction Attention, motivation, overview and transition On what document is the body of your lesson plan based? Your task breakdown List the three parts of a conclusion Summary, Remotivation, and Closure There are many types of teaching aids available; what should you consider before you select the ones that you will use? Those that are easiest to use, most inexpensive to develop and maintain, but that add realism to the learning process List at least six types of teaching aids. Any six of the following: equipment, printed matter, chalkboards, whiteboards, flat pictures, mockups, trainers, simulators, transparencies, television, and computers List the three steps you use to schedule training Prepare tentative schedule, coordinate, and assign trainees to a training session roster What is the first thing you do when coordinating the training schedule? Determine how many sessions are offered and the times that they are held What do you provide to each affected supervisor after you schedule trainees for training? A copy of the training roster or a training notification letter